Sunday, 1 March 2009

Newsflash: Intel counter-sued by Psion in "netbook" trademark lawsuit; jury trial demanded


The Save the Netbooks campaign has just secured court documents (PDF) filed Friday by Psion in response to Intel's suit against them in which they systematically deny Intel's claims against them and countersue on the basis of:
  1. Trademark Infringement Under The Lanham Act
  2. Unfair Competition Under The Lanham Act
  3. Common Law Unfair Competition
  4. State Law Unfair Competition
  5. Unjust Enrichment
  6. Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act
In their prayer for relief they give a laundry list of demands:
  1. A judgment that Intel’s actions have violated and continue to violate the rights of Psion
  2. That the Court order the domain name transferred from Intel to Psion.
  3. That injoins Intel and "all those persons in active concert or participation" from:
    • Using the term netbook "in connection with the promotion, advertising or offering in connection with the Intel’s products and service"
    • Or "any trademark, service mark, name, logo or source designation of any kind that is confusingly similar to the NETBOOK mark"
    • "Otherwise competing unfairly with Plaintiff in any manner"
    • "Conspiring with, aiding, assisting or abetting any other person or business entity in engaging in or performing any of the[se] activities"
  4. Intel and "all those persons in active concert or participation with any of them, including, but not limited to, Intel’s licensees" to "deliver up for destruction, or show proof of destruction of, any and all products, labels, signs, prints, packages, wrappers, receptacles and advertisements, and any other materials in their possession or control, that depict the names or marks “NETBOOK” or any other mark confusingly or substantially similar to the NETBOOK mark, and any materials or articles used for making or reproducing the same"
  5. A report within 30 days in writing "and under oath setting forth in detail the manner and form in which Intel has complied with the injunction"
  6. "All damages it has sustained as a result of Intel’s infringement, unfair competition, unfair trade practices and unjust enrichment"
  7. For "damages awarded to Psion be trebled"
  8. "That an accounting be directed to determine Intel’s profits resulting from its infringement, unfair competition and unfair trade practices, and that such profits be paid over to Psion, increased as the Court finds to be just and proper under the circumstances of this case"
  9. "That the Court declare that this is an exceptional case and award Psion its reasonable attorneys’ fees for prosecuting this action"
  10. "Punitive damages in such amount as the Court finds arises from the willful acts of common law unfair competition"
  11. "Costs of this action and prejudgment and post-judgment interest"
  12. "Such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper"
Finally, Psion "respectfully demands a trial by jury on all issues triable by right to a jury".

Some of their defenses include that:
  • Google is not the only provider of Internet advertising (technically true but is that the case in practice?)
  • They sell, and continue to sell even into 2009 the "netBook pro" (giving 2009 YTD sales of $13,650 and 2008 sales of $60,900 - a drop in the multi-billion dollar industry ocean)
  • They advertised the netBook line at psionteklogix.com "as well as through its direct sales force; newspaper, magazine and trade journal advertisements; and trade show exhibits"
  • "The NETBOOK mark is inherently distinctive", is "recognized by the relevant consuming public as being sponsored by, approved by, authorized by, associated with or affiliated with Psion", and "has become a valuable asset of Psion" (all of which are debateable)
  • "Intel willfully and maliciously has encouraged, aided and abetted other manufacturers and retailers in the electronics industry to adopt and use the term NETBOOK as a generic name for a type of laptop computer in an effort to destroy Psion’s trademark rights."
  • "Use by Intel of the designation NETBOOK has caused and is now causing severe and irreparable harm to Psion, to the value of its NETBOOK mark, and to the goodwill associated therewith."
  • "Intel has acted willfully and maliciously, has unlawfully attempted to trade on the tremendous commercial value, reputation and goodwill of the NETBOOK mark, and has deliberately and intentionally confused and deceived the public as to an affiliation, connection or association of Intel with Psion, and/or as to the origin, sponsorship or approval of Intel’s goods and/or services."
  • "Intel has been and continues to be unjustly enriched at the expense of Psion by Intel’s unauthorized use of the infringing mark."
They also provide this rather interesting table of "retail sales" totaling $5,357,034 over 11 years, or less than $500,000 per year on average:
YearSales (USD)
1999
$62,800
2000
$7,874
2001
$7,335
2002
$30,566
2003
$24,503
2004
$780,096
2005
$1,709,433
2006
$2,073,207
2007
$586,680
2008
$60,900
2009
$13,640

Assuming around 15,000,000 netbooks were sold in 2008 at a conservative $200 per unit (and that our calculations are correct) Psion had a "netbook" market share of two thousandths of one percent in 2008 - rather low for a company claiming to hold a monopoly over the mark.

In other news, Save the Netbooks (a grassroots campaign formed to defend the impending netbook trademark threat - for more see the launch press release) has just reached the 200 member milestone! Thanks to all of you for spreading the word. Keep up the good work!

Update: According to Domain Name Wire the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act claim has teeth to the tune of $100,000. In fact "if the court finds that the registration or use of the registered trademark as an identifier was willful" then that too is trebled to $300,000. Ouch. As they say "This will be an interesting case to watch. It’s not everyday you see a Fortune 500 company alleged to be cybersquatting."

Update: Welcome Slashdotters!
Psion Accuses Intel of Cybersquatting
We discussed Psion sending C&Ds late last year over international trademarks held on the term 'netbook' and Dell accusing Psion of fraud last week. Since then Intel has joined in by suing Psion in federal court. On Friday Psion counter-sued Intel (court filing, PDF). SaveTheNetbooks.com has an analysis here. Psion has demanded a jury trial, profits, treble damages, destruction of material bearing the mark 'netbook' and the netbook.com domain (among other things), claiming that they are still actively selling netbooks despite also revealing sales figures showing a minuscule market share. It seems that declaring victory may have been a little premature as it will be months before the dispute plays out in court.

23 comments:

Anonymous said...

Wow, this is really starting to get ugly.

SpecK said...

Those numbers are weighted suspiciously heavy around 2006 when they renewed the trademark, rather than 2003 when they End-of-Lifed the netBook product. I wonder which creative accountant came up with those numbers and shifted all of them forward 4 years.

Anonymous said...

to me Netbook is the same as saying cola. I think they are just trying to get some money out of it

Save the Netbooks said...

@SpecK: You (indirectly) raise an interesting point. The 2006 peak could be explained by sales of the netBook Pro like this one (which was recently pulled, hence the link to the Google cache).

The interesting thing is that it appears there was only $133,078 in netBook sales between 1999 and the 2003 discontinuation. At $1,299 a pop that's around a hundred devices.

Total.

Over five years.

Twenty a year.

Only half a dozen in the first two years of sales (2000, 2001).

It's almost like those figures are too low to be realistic, and yet surely Psion are giving optimistic rather than pessimistic numbers?

@AC: Agreed, with each day that goes by without a Psion "netbook" product announcement it gets increasingly clear that this was, in fact, about the money. I guess we'll know for sure in due course.

StN

Anonymous said...

This is not about the money, nor should any argument be based on quantities sold. The fact is Psion Teklogix registered the Netbook trademark. They are well within their rights to protect that.

My guess is that if Pepsi started using the (generic) term Coke in their advertising, Coca-Cola would be furious and be doing their damnest to protect their trademark in the same way Psion are doing in this instance.

I welcome your thoughts.

Anonymous said...

I agree with the post above, if Intel do win and Psion looses their copyright name for Netbook you will open the doors wide for other companies to badge their products with similar copyright names, for example how about a mobile phone called Centrino or a portable media player called ipod that is not made by apple?

I remember in the past companies such as Microsoft have won cases in the past to close websites that sound similar to 'Microsoft', if this is okay then why can intel be allowed to steal a copyright.

Why did Intel start using the name Netbook, what was wrong with the names that were fine in the past such as UMPC, MID and SUB?
Intel have stolen a product identity from Psion, used it on their website, referred UMPC's as Netbooks and encouraged the industry to do the same.

I don't think Psion are doing this for money, more to the point to make sure their product identity is not diluted or mistaken for something else. If Intel won, would that mean Psion couldn't bring out another generation of Netbook and call it netbook, remember Psion released two netbook devices under the NETBOOK copyright, the Netbook and Netbook Pro.

Was Apple right to use the term iphone even when Cisco had it first? No, not really.

I could be wrong but as a person who has been using mobile computers since the release of the Psion Series 3 and CE.NET 2.11, I will always know a Netbook is a device made by Psion that used the EPOC or Win CE.NET OS rather than a UMPC made by Asus.

Psion End users products might not have been big worldwide but in the UK they were very popular and still much used today.

Anonymous said...

This comment was from a new section a 'The register' and thought I had to post it here:
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/02/20/dell_psion_netbook/comments/

QUOTE: So let's see... Psion gets a trademark on the name "Netbook" many years ago, then makes not one but two portable computers under that trademark (Netbook and Netbook Pro).

Some people start using the trademark without permission, so Psion asks nicely that they stop using it, and to please use another term.

Then Dell, the 600-lb gorilla, throws a pile of lawyers at Psion, all so they can start using Psion's trademark.

And somehow Psion is the bad guy here? WTF?

Save the Netbooks said...

@AC1: The fact is that quantities sold/market share are absolutely relevant for trademark genericide cases. Usually the infringer is the one with the negligible market share (imagine the boutique selling counterfeit Gucci® handbags), not the rightholder themselves as is the case here!

You are however right in saying that they are "well within their rights to protect that"... against Intel at least... and that is exactly what they are doing. It's not for us to say how that should end (a jury will ultimately decide), but there is also at least some truth to Intel's "offensive defense" that the trademark was maintained fraudulently and subsequently abandoned.

"Coke®" is definitely not generic - far from it. "Cola" is though and there's nothing they can do about people using that.

StN

Save the Netbooks said...

@AC2: The fact that you use the terms "copyright" and "trademark" interchangeably suggests that you should read up on the concepts before drawing conclusions about precedents. In any case I'll answer your queries in turn:

- One of Intel's Centrino® registered trademarks (#2981698) specifically covers "Mobile telephones; replacement or structural parts therefore" and Apple's iPod® trademark(s) obviously cover media players. In both cases trying to release such products into existing, well established marketplaces would put you in hot water.

- Trademark infringement need not be an exact match; "confusingly similar" will suffice.

- UMPC, MID and SUB (as in subnotebook) refer to three different things. A netbook is something else again; a single-purpose "Internet Notebook". In any case these terms are not consumer friendly and relate to size rather than purpose.

- Whether Intel have indeed "stolen a product identity from Psion" is for the jury to decide now; don't assume malice for what could be put down to negligence.

- If Psion were not doing if for money would they not have released a netbook already, or indeed not discontinued the line in the first place? Conversely, would the term "netbook" really have been valuable had Intel not jumped on it? If so, does that not give rise to the argument that "netbook" is purely descriptive and therefore unprotectable?

- Apple and Cisco settled, even if Cisco's grip on the iPhone mark was tenuous and even if the term iPhone is merely descriptive or at best suggestive of "Internet Phone" (and therefore less easily protected by trademarks, at least initially)

- As someone for whom the term "netbook" still functions as a source identifier for "Psion" it is clear that you are in the overwhelming minority.

Thanks for the feedback - your questions will certainly be answered in due course.

StN

Save the Netbooks said...

@AC3: Your summary of the situation does not really reflect reality. Psion asked nicely almost a year after the term entered widespread public use because, to be frank, they knew they didn't have a leg to stand on. What they needed to do was respond quickly after Intel first mentioned the term, or better yet for Intel to have asked first in which case they may have conceded it on the basis that it was a lot less valuable then than it is now.

They could have had Google Alerts in place to automatically notify them of the term popping up on the Internet and domain alerts to warn them about domain registrations, but really they would have to have been living under a rock to have missed the netbook craze. Indeed they admitted to monitoring it in their January PDF statement, which is a big no-no in itself.

Dell are actually somewhat the white knight in this story because while relinquishment of the netbook trademark(s) is good for them, it's also good for their competitors. They also went through the TTAB rather than the courts so their complaint was clearly about the trademark rather than the money (and was likely defensive, in response to Psion's letters).

This is not a david vs goliath battle we're talking about here... Psion didn't build and therefore don't have a strong claim over the netbook "brand" as it exists today. In fact their trademarks are more like landmines in the intellectual property wasteland than their own valuable property.

StN

Xarra said...

Interestingly, I'm a tech buying consumer - I had no idea Netbook = psion, which defeats the whole "recognized by the relevant consuming public as being sponsored by, approved by, authorized by, associated with or affiliated with Psion", and "has become a valuable asset of Psion" bit...

Save the Netbooks said...

@Xarra: Exactly.

StN

EM @ KING.NET said...

I agree that Psion should keep this trademark.

Regards,
EM @ KING.NET

Anonymous said...

STN, I could argue with you all day on this matter but I wont, its just a difference in opinions.

Is a HTC Shift a netbook or a UMPC, it was sold as a UMPC but if it was sold now whould it be called a netbook?
MID: Mobile internet device, same as your discription on Netbook...

anyway....

http://xkcd.com/386/

Anonymous said...

I actually owned a Series 5mx and a Series 7, they were fantastic machines. The 5mx especially was years ahead of it's time. I wanted to upgrade to a netbook years ago, but I just couldnt find one anywhere (they also sold some crappy Windows CE variant, but true psion fans would only use EPOC).

I'm probably one of the few people who do associate netbook with psion, but as even a big psion fan like me couldnt buy one, and they discontinues the product years ago I really dont think they're suffering any damages, and are just looking for some easy money.

Psion, what happened to you? You used to be one of the most innovative companies around, and now you're leeching money from dodgy lawsuits?

Save the Netbooks said...

@AC1: If you think you can help clear up the confusion then by all means get involved at Wikipedia and see what you can do - some more people who know what they're talking about would be most helpful.

@AC2: We've never said anything negative about Psion's hardware (except perhaps with respect to the price) and largely agree with you. They deserve credit for a number of contributions to the technical community, but as is often the case the technical wizards are not always the ones who end up with the pot of gold.

StN

Anonymous said...

If a manufacturer was to produce an MP3 player and call it "MP3 Player" and applied for that as a trademark, then it wouldn't be allowed as it is already widely accepted as a generic term.

However, in this instance Psion came up with and registered the name Netbook before the term (rightly or wrongly) became generic. What is worng with them actively protecting this fact?

As for quantites, this is irrelevant as time, money and effort has been spent developing the Netbook as a product. I liked the Gucci bag analogy, but we're not talking about counterfeit products here.

I welcome your thoughts... again :)

Anonymous said...

I thought that you need to display the blogger bar or its against the T&C's?

Save the Netbooks said...

@AC1: No, generic terms cannot be protected, which is quite obvious when you think about it - imagine if you could trademark "television". Descriptive terms can't be trademarked either which rules out "MP3" player and others like "yellow banana". You might get away with "blue banana", especially if it referred to something other than the fruit, because it doesn't refer to something that exists.

@AC2: If that's the case then it's news to us - we'll see what's involved in migrating to another host when we're not the #1 item on Slashdot. Thanks for the heads up!

StN

Anonymous said...

Isn't the situation in the US that you have 5 years to keep a trademark? 3 years after inactivity?

So if the netbook related sales figures are correct, then they were selling a load in 2006, with a 100% netbook marketshare. It's only just turned 2009. I can't see how any argument relating to trademark expiration can hold up.

Which leaves the genericity one, and if Psion can show that Intel were the ones driving the term then I guess that Intel will have no leg to stand on - trademark stealing via misuse/abuse surely isn't legal!

Anonymous said...

Sorry, but how can they claim to continue to sell a discontinued product?

http://www.psionteklogix.com/products/discontinued-products.htm

Save the Netbooks said...

@AC1: As @AC2 points out, the instant you permanently discontinue a product the trademark self destructs. As it can be hard to determine when that instant is (for example if the company just goes silent) we have a backup clause such that 3 years of non use constitutes "prima facie" evidence of abandonment. It would be interesting to know what quantity of shipments would constitute "use" (presumably one can't stockpile 100 units and "sell" one a year for 100 years) but being unable to satisfy demand as is believed to be the case surely can't help their argument.

That said, announcing to the world via your web site that it's "discontinued" will not help their case at all either.

StN

Anonymous said...

To answer a previous question "Psion, what happened to you?": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS.

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